CARBOWAVE studies microwave and plasma-induced carbonization for carbon fiber production

Stabilization furnace for the oxidation of PAN fibers. Source | DITF

The German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf (DITF), as part of the European CARBOWAVE research consortium, highlights a novel technology using microwaves and plasma heating to produce carbon fibers in an energy-efficient manner, which also results in more affordable production.

Carbon fiber production is complex and energy-intensive. Stabilization and carbonization of the fibers, which are often made from petroleum-based polyacrylonitrile (PAN), requires slow process control in high-temperature furnaces. Despite the considerable energy input, a low material yield is achieved due to the long dwell time in the ovens.

CARBOWAVE’s solution replaces the stabilization and carbonization process. Energy is only induced into the fibers locally, thereby minimizing energy loss. This process also shortens the production time of carbon fibers, enabling higher production volumes with lower energy consumption.

Read “CARBOWAVE project finds alternative to PAN conversion with up to 70% less energy consumption”

Their specific research objectives are to develop an optimal coating for PAN fibers that improves microwave adsorption, to develop a plasma heating system for the oxidative stabilization of PAN fibers and to advance microwave and plasma technology for continuous processes.

The DITF is responsible for implementing these processes in continuous production and on pilot lines in a pilot plant. The DITF’s central task is the stabilization of the precursor fibers with plasma technology. This involves combining plasma and low-pressure technology to reduce energy consumption in the stabilization process.

The CARBOWAVE project includes recycling of carbon fibers. Partners believe that the new process will also enable microwave-assisted decomposition of carbon fiber composites.